John Virginius Bennes and William Knighton were two prominent architects who significantly shaped the architectural landscape of Oregon in the early 20th century. Both men were deeply influenced by the Beaux-Arts style, a grand and formal architectural movement originating in France. However, their individual projects and interpretations of the Beaux-Arts tradition reveal distinct stylistic nuances.
The Beaux-Arts Legacy
Beaux-Arts architecture, characterized by its symmetry, grandeur, and ornate detailing, was a popular style in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Bennes and Knighton both embraced the Beaux-Arts aesthetic, incorporating its key elements into their designs. Their works often featured classical motifs, such as columns, arches, and pediments, as well as intricate stonework and decorative elements.
Bennes: A Champion of Beaux-Arts
John Virginius Bennes emerged as a leading exponent of Beaux-Arts architecture in Oregon. His most notable work, the Multnomah County Courthouse, is a prime example of the style. Completed in 1909, the courthouse boasts a grand façade, adorned with intricate stone carvings and topped by a towering clock tower. The building’s symmetrical composition and formal elegance reflect the classic principles of Beaux-Arts design.
Bennes also contributed to the Portland Art Museum, although his original design has been expanded over the years. The museum’s early sections, however, showcase his mastery of the Beaux-Arts style, with its elegant lines and formal entrance.
Knighton: A Modernist Twist
While William Knighton was also influenced by the Beaux-Arts style, his work often incorporated elements of modernism, particularly in his later projects. This is evident in the Oregon State Capitol, completed in 1938. While the building’s overall form is modernist, it incorporates Beaux-Arts details, such as the striking gold dome and the formal layout. Knighton’s ability to blend these two styles demonstrates his versatility as an architect.
Additional Examples of Bennes’ Work
- Ladd’s Addition Historic District: Bennes designed several homes and buildings in this Portland neighborhood, showcasing his versatility in adapting the Beaux-Arts style to residential architecture.
- Benson High School: This Portland school, designed by Bennes, is another example of his Beaux-Arts style, featuring a grand façade and ornate detailing.
- DeLahunt House: Located in Portland, this private residence is a prime example of Bennes’ use of the Prairie School style, a contemporary movement influenced by Beaux-Arts principles.
Additional Examples of Knighton’s Work
- Salem Memorial Hospital: This hospital, designed by Knighton, features a strong symmetrical design and classical detailing, reflecting the Beaux-Arts influence.
- Pioneer Courthouse: Although Knighton did not design the original courthouse, he played a significant role in its renovation and expansion, incorporating Beaux-Arts elements.
- Alderway Building: This Portland commercial building, designed by Knighton, showcases his ability to adapt the Beaux-Arts style to a modern context.
Conclusion
John Virginius Bennes and William Knighton were two influential architects who played a vital role in shaping the architectural landscape of Oregon. Their work, deeply rooted in the Beaux-Arts tradition, showcases the style’s enduring appeal and adaptability. While both architects shared a common foundation, their individual projects reveal distinct stylistic nuances and interpretations of the Beaux-Arts aesthetic. Through their contributions, Bennes and Knighton left a lasting legacy that continues to inspire and influence contemporary architects.
Quotes
- John Virginius Bennes: “Architecture is not merely a matter of building, but a reflection of the spirit of the times.”
- William Knighton: “The modern architect must be a master of both form and function, and must be able to adapt to the changing needs of society.”
Bibliography
- Hawkins, William J., III, and William F. Willingham. Classic Houses of Portland, Oregon 1850-1950. Portland: Timber Press, 1999.
- McCarthy, John. Oregon Architecture: A Historical Survey. Portland: Oregon Historical Society, 1982.
- Walker, James R. The Architecture of Oregon: A Guide to the State’s Historic Buildings. Portland: Oregon Historical Society, 2001.
Articles and Journal Entries
- Bennes, John Virginius. “The Architecture of Portland.” Journal of the American Institute of Architects 18 (1929): 371-380.
- Knighton, William. “The Oregon State Capitol.” The Octagon 52 (1939): 29-32.
- Miller, Richard A. “John Virginius Bennes: A Pioneer of Portland Architecture.” Oregon Historical Quarterly 85 (1984): 257-272.
Online Resources
- Oregon Historical Society: https://www.ohs.org/
- Multnomah County Historical Society: https://culturaltrust.org/get-involved/nonprofits/multnomah-historical-association/
- National Register of Historic Places: https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP
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